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1. WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP INSTALL
2. WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP WINDOWS 10
3. WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP PRO
4. WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP VERIFICATION

> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP WINDOWS 10

# after loading the cacerts from the Windows cert store "ROOT", we are seeing some - but it's only 12 root cacerts in a vanilla Windows 10 (compared to 134 in the certifi / mozilla cabundle!) # by default there are no cacerts in the context > context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED > context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS) Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP INSTALL

install a vanilla Python 2.7.15 and/or 3.7.2 install a vanilla Windwith default settings (The Windows certstores can get inspected with the GUIs certml.msc (Machine store) and certmgr.msc (User store)). Afterwards the previously missing RootCA certificate appears in the windows certstore. Microsoft Edge or Internet Explorer browser), the connection succeeds and is shown as "trusted". When I make a HTTPS connection to this domain with a client that uses the SCHANNEL library (i.e. The cert for this RootCA is not out of the box present in the Windows certstore and therefore not trusted. Instead there's an online download mechanism used by the SCHANNEL library to download additional trusted root CA certificates from a Microsoft server when they are needed for the first time.Įxample: The certificate currently used for was signed by an IntermediateCA which was signed by the RootCA "GlobalSign Root CA - R2". Many widely trusted RootCAs are missing out of the box in the Windows certstore. In comparison certifi (Mozilla cabundle) currently lists 134 trusted RootCAs. On Windonly 12 Root CAs are known by the certificate store.

On Windows 10, the list of pre-installed Trusted Root CA certificates is very minimal. Windows provides a certificate store, a vendor managed and updated "bundle" of Trusted Root CA certificates and a library for TLS operations called SCHANNEL (the native Windows openssl equivalent). However, the ssl lib is not using the Windows SCHANNEL library but instead bundles its own copy of openssl. (Some Python libraries like requests bring their own ca bundle though, usually through certifi. Since Python 3.4 / 2.7.9 the ssl lib uses the Windows certificate store to get a "bundle" of the trusted root CA certificates.

All tested Python versions on all tested Windows 10 versions show the same behavior.

WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP PRO

I did test on Windows 10 1803, 1809, Windows Server 2019 1809 (all Pro 圆4 with latest patchlevel, i.e. Ssl.SSLError: certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)Īffected Python version/environment: I believe every Python version that uses the Windows certificate store is affected (since 3.4 / 2.7.9). In short: On a vanilla Win 10 with a vanilla Python 2/3 installation, HTTPS connections to "commonly trusted" domain names fail out of the box.

WINDOWS PYTHON 2.7.9 PIP VERIFICATION

This issue leads to that on a standard Windows 10 installation with a standard Python 2.x or 3.x installation TLS verification for many webservers fails out of the box, including for common domains/webservers with a highly correct TLS setup like or. At a first look, I couldn't find this issue documented elsewhere, so I'm trying to describe it below (apologies if its a duplicate).

I have the impression that there's a general issue with how the Python stdlib module `ssl` uses the Windows certificate store to read the "bundle" of trusted Root CA certificates.

Python 3.8, Python 3.7, Python 3.6, Python 3.4, Python 3.5, Python 2.7Ĭhris-k, christian.heimes, paul.moore, steve.dower, teeks99, tianon, tim.golden, zach.wareĬreated on 18:36 by chris-k, last changed 20:04 by tianon.